Fluidized Sand Bed Filters

 

  
   
   
     
 

One of the most reliable and efficient biofiltration systems used in aquaculture facilities is the Fluidized Sand Bed (FSB) biofilter. PR Aqua provides FSB biofilters custom sized and designed for the needs of each application.

Biofiltration Tech Info >>

 
 
 
     
 

How It Works

A fluidized sand bed biofilter consists of a tall vessel in which a large quantity of sand is held in suspension by the upward flow of the process water.  Nitrifying bacteria form a biofilm on the surface of the sand grains, converting ammonia to nitrate as the water passes through and fluidizes the media bed.  The potential treatment capacity of the biofilter depends primarily on the quantity of surface area provided by the sand media (specific surface area), and the total volume of media provided. 

To achieve uniform fluidization of the media, the untreated process water is injected through a manifold of U-shaped pipes which distribute water evenly across the bottom of the vessel.  The height to which the sand bed is expanded is dependent upon the shape and diameter of the sand and the velocity and the temperature of the water passing through the vessel.  Treated water exits the filter by an overflow located at the top of the vessel.  It is necessary to control the flow of water through the biofilter vessel to prevent the fine sand from washing out of the vessel while simultaneously prevent the large heavier sand from piling on the bottom of the vessel where anaerobic conditions could develop. 

 
 

 

  
  • Converts toxic ammonia to much less toxic nitrate
  • Allows for high rates of recirculation, dramatically reducing water use and discharge volumes
  • Uses low cost sand as media instead of higher priced plastic media
  • Sand media has a high specific surface area and therefore require less volume of media than other biofilter types
  • High surface area results in highly efficient ammonia removal
  • Smaller footprint than other biofilter types
  • Ideal for “pump-once” systems, where all flow subsequent to the biofilter operates by gravity
  • Biofilter vessel can be constructed of almost any material including fiberglass, steel, or concrete
  • Water is distributed through a pipe manifold with multiple “U-tube” design which provides for easy balancing of flows, uniform distribution of water, and easy access for cleaning
  • Includes ‘siphon’ system to remove accumulated excess biosolids so they don’t degrade the system water quality

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